Revisión sistemática de intervenciones no farmacológicas sobre la calidad subjetiva del sueño en población de adultos mayores
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https://doi.org/10.35319/ajayu.241368Palabras clave:
Revisión sistemática, calidad de sueño, adultos mayores, intervenciones, sueñoResumen
Los trastornos del sueño presentan una alta prevalencia en adultos mayores y se asocian a un impacto negativo en la salud física, cognitiva y emocional. Frente a los riesgos del uso prolongado de hipnóticos, las intervenciones no farmacológicas constituyen una alternativa terapéutica eficaz. El objetivo es describir los distintos tipos de intervenciones no farmacológicas dirigidas al sueño en adultos mayores y analizar su efecto sobre la calidad subjetiva del sueño mediante una revisión sistemática de artículos de los últimos 10 años. Tras identificar 1.417 registros, se seleccionaron 16 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada, observándose un riesgo de sesgo bajo a moderado en la mayoría de los trabajos. Las intervenciones analizadas demostraron ser consistentemente eficaces para mejorar la calidad subjetiva del sueño. Se agruparon en tres categorías principales: Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual para el Insomnio (TCC-I), ejercicio físico y terapias complementarias. La evidencia respalda la eficacia de las intervenciones no farmacológicas para mejorar el sueño en adultos mayores. Sin embargo, la escasez de estudios latinoamericanos y la ausencia de publicaciones en español limitan la generalización de los hallazgos, al igual que la falta de metaanálisis.
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