Escala abreviada de propensión al desenganche moral (epdm-a): adaptación al español y validación factorial en el contexto laboral boliviano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35319/ajayu.232363Palabras clave:
Adaptación de pruebas, desenganche moral, análisis factorial, validez, confiabilidadResumen
Se adaptó la Escala de Propensión a la Desconexión Moral (EPDM) (Moore et al., 2012) al contexto laboral boliviano. Para ello 777 bolivianos adultos activos recibieron la EPDM en línea. Los hallazgos permitieron demostrar la confiabilidad de la escala en una forma abreviada en español y obtener fuentes adicionales de evidencia de validez (convergente, discriminante y factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio). Se obtuvo un ajuste del constructo de desconexión moral propuesto por los autores originales que pareció representar mejor, aunque de forma diferente, 4 de los factores propuestos por la teoría. Finalmente, se discute la relevancia de los resultados y se identifican las limitaciones del estudio.
Descargas
Citas
Akedah, I. P. (1996). The influence of organizational rank and role on marketing professionals’ ethical judgments. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(6), 605–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00411794
Aquino, K., & Reed, A., II. (2002). The self-importance of moral identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1423–1440. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1423
Arnold, J., & Randall, J. (2012). Psicología del trabajo. Comportamiento humano en el ámbito laboral (5.ª ed.). Pearson.
Arendt, H. (2003). Eichmann en Jerusalén. Un estudio sobre la banalidad del mal (4.ª ed.). Editorial Lumen.
Ashforth, B. E., & Anand, V. (2003). The normalization of corruption in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 1–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(03)25001-2
Bandura, A. (1986). Pensamiento y acción: Fundamentos sociales. Martínez Editores.
Bandura, A. (1990). Selective activation and disengagement of moral control. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00270.x
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.364
Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3
Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322
Bandura, A. (2016). Moral disengagement: How people do harm and live with themselves. Worth Publishers.
Barroso, J. (2013). Construcción del índice de demanda laboral para Bolivia: Situación actual y perspectivas. CERES – Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Económica y Social.
Bartram, D. (2009). The International Test Commission guidelines on computer-based and internet-delivered testing. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2(1), 11–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2008.01000.x
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego-depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252–1265. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252
Becerra, M., & Campos, F. (2012). El enfoque por competencias y sus aportes en la gestión de recursos humanos [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad de Chile]. Universidad de Chile.
Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.349
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
Chiavenato, I. (2009). Comportamiento organizacional. McGraw Hill.
Clemente, M., Espinosa, P., & Padilla, D. (2019). Moral disengagement and willingness to behave unethically against ex-partner in a child custody dispute. PLoS ONE, 14(3), e0213662. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213662
Cohen, T. R., Panter, A. T., Turan, N., Morse, L., & Kim, Y. (2014). Moral character in the workplace. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(5), 943–963. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037245
Cory, S. N., & Hernandez, A. R. (2014). Moral disengagement in business and humanities majors: An exploratory study. Research in Higher Education Journal, 23, 1–11.
Duffy, M. K., Aquino, K., Tepper, B. J., Reed, A., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (2005, agosto). Moral disengagement and social identification: When does being similar result in harmdoing? Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Honolulu, HI. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235259308
Eissa, G., & Lester, S. W. (2022). A moral disengagement investigation of how and when supervisor psychological entitlement instigates abusive supervision. Journal of Business Ethics, 180(2), 675–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04787-3
Fehr, R., Fulmer, A., & Keng-Highberger, F. (2019). How do employees react to leaders’ unethical behavior? The role of moral disengagement. Personnel Psychology, 73(1), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12366
Gómez-Tabares, A. S., Núñez, C., & Caballo, V. E. (2021). Mecanismos de desconexión moral, diferencias de sexo y predictores clínicos en adolescentes: Un estudio exploratorio. Psykhe, 30(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.2020.22451
Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (2015). Características de la población 2012. Censo de población y vivienda. Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas (UNFPA).
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1979). Advances in factor analysis and structural equation models. Abt Associates.
Kish-Gephart, J. J., Harrison, D. A., & Treviño, L. K. (2010). Bad apples, bad cases, and bad barrels: Meta-analytic evidence about sources of unethical decisions at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017103
Knoll, M., Lord, R. G., Petersen, L. E., & Weigelt, O. (2016). Examining the moral grey zone: The role of moral disengagement, authenticity, and situational strength in predicting unethical managerial behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 46(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12353
Marasca, A., Yates, D., Schneider, A., Feijó, L., & Bandeira, D. (2020). Avaliação psicológica online: Considerações a partir da pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) para a prática e o ensino no contexto a distância. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37, e200085. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200085
Martin, S. R., Kish-Gephart, J. J., & Detert, J. R. (2014). Blind forces: Ethical infrastructures and moral disengagement in organizations. Organizational Psychology Review, 4(4), 295–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386613518576
Martínez, M., Hernández, M., & Hernández, M. V. (2014). Psicometría. Alianza Editorial.
Mayor, C. (2014). Evaluación del comportamiento íntegro y de la percepción de la integridad del líder en el trabajo [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Rovira i Virgili].
Moore, C. (2008). Moral disengagement in processes of organizational corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(1), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9447-8
Moore, C., Detert, J. R., Treviño, L. K., Baker, V., & Mayer, D. M. (2012). Why employees do bad things: Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior. Personnel Psychology, 65(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01237.x
Moore, C., & Gino, F. (2013). Ethically adrift: How others pull our moral compass from true north, and how we can fix it. Research in Organizational Behavior, 33, 53–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2013.08.001
Moore, C. (2015). Moral disengagement. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.018
Moore, C., Mayer, D. M., Chiang, F. F. T., Crossley, C., Karlesky, M. J., & Birtch, T. A. (2019). Leaders matter morally: The role of ethical leadership in shaping employee moral cognition and misconduct. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(1), 123–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000341
Newman, A., Le, H., North-Samardzic, A., & Cohen, M. (2020). Moral disengagement at work: A review and research agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 167(3), 535–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04173-0
Ogunfowora, B., Nguyen, V. Q., Steel, P., & Hwang, C. C. (2022). A meta-analytic investigation of the antecedents, theoretical correlates, and consequences of moral disengagement at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(5), 746–775. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000912
Otzen, T., & Manterola, C. (2017). Técnicas de muestreo sobre una población a estudio. International Journal of Morphology, 35(1), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022017000100037
Paciello, M., Fida, R., Tramontano, C., Lupinetti, C., & Caprara, G. V. (2008). Stability and change of moral disengagement and its impact on aggression and violence in late adolescence. Child Development, 79(5), 1288–1309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01189.x
Probst, T. M., Petitta, L., Barbaranelli, C., & Austin, C. (2020). Safety-related moral disengagement in response to job insecurity: Counterintuitive effects of perceived organizational and supervisor support. Journal of Business Ethics, 162(2), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4002-3
Rauthmann, J. F. (2013). Investigating the MACH-IV with item response theory and proposing the trimmed MACH. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(4), 388–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.742905
Reynolds, S. J. (2008). Moral attentiveness: Who pays attention to the moral aspects of life? Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1027–1041. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1027
Rodrigo, N., Cordero, M., Fernández, C., Antezana, M., Pérez, J., & Hidalgo, V. (2021). Medición del desarrollo moral en estudiantes universitarios: Una aplicación del Defining Issues Test (DIT) y del Test de Reacción Valor. Revista Compás Empresarial, 11(32), 120–142. https://doi.org/10.52428/20758960.v11i32.65
Roth, E. (2013). Sobre moralidad y acciones inhumanas. Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”.
Roth, E., & Acosta, B. (2018). Disposición a sobornar: Influencias contextuales e implicaciones cognitivas de la conducta corrupta. Revista Ajayu, 16(1), 60–81. https://ajayu.ucb.edu.bo/a/article/view/41
Rubio, F. (2016). Desconexión moral y violencia en relaciones de noviazgo de adolescentes y jóvenes [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia].
Rubio, F., Amor, P. J., & Carrasco, M. Á. (2017). Dimensionality and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale (MMDS-S). Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 22(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.vol.22.num.1.2017.17630
Saidon, I. M., Galbreath, J., & Whiteley, A. (2010). Antecedents of moral disengagement: Preliminary empirical study in Malaysia. En ANZAM Conference Proceedings. Curtin University. https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/38871
Tasa, K., & Bell, C. (2015). Effects of implicit negotiation beliefs and moral disengagement on negotiator attitudes and deceptive behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2800-4
Thornberg, R., & Jungert, T. (2014). School bullying and the mechanisms of moral disengagement. Aggressive Behavior, 40(2), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21509
Treviño, L. K., den Nieuwenboer, N. A., & Kish-Gephart, J. J. (2014). (Un)ethical behavior in organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 635–660. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143745
Valle, M., Kacmar, K. M., & Zivnuska, S. (2019). Understanding the effects of political environments on unethical behavior in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(1), 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3576-5
Werther, W. B., & Davis, K. (2008). Administración de recursos humanos: El capital humano de las empresas. McGraw Hill/Interamericana Editores.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Revista AJAYU
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
De acuerdo a la Ley 1322 de Derechos de Autor en Bolivia, la revista de psicologia AJAYU respeta los derechos morales de los autores, amparando la parternidad e integridad de sus obras publicadas.
