Influencia de las redes sociales digitales en la construcción de identidad en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática de alcance desde la psicología social
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https://doi.org/10.35319/ajayu.242383Palabras clave:
Identidad adolescente, redes sociales digitales, autopresentación, comparación social, adolescenciaResumen
La adolescencia constituye uno de las etapas de mayor complejidad en la construcción identitaria del ser humano, actualmente ese proceso transcurre en buena medida dentro del espacio de las redes sociales digitales (RSD). Bajo el protocolo PRISMA-ScR, la presente revisión sistemática de alcance, examina y mapea la evidencia empírica publicada entre 2015 y 2024 sobre la influencia de las RSD en la formación de la identidad en adolescentes, desde la perspectiva de la psicología social. Luego de aplicar criterios de elegibilidad previamente definidos, se seleccionaron y analizaron 42 estudios provenientes de las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO y Redalyc, los hallazgos se organizaron en torno a tres áreas temáticas centrales: (a) construcción y gestión del yo digital, (b) presión social y comparación interpersonal y (c) polarización identitaria y pertenencia grupal. La evidencia muestra efectos bidireccionales, modulados principalmente por el género, la cultura y el tiempo de uso de las plataformas. Predomina las asociaciones negativas vinculadas a la inestabilidad identitaria y el deterioro de la autoestima, se discuten las implicaciones para la intervención psicosocial en contextos educativos, formulando recomendaciones orientadas a futuras investigaciones longitudinales.
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